World Down Syndrome Day (WDSD) is observed annually on Mar. 21 to raise awareness about Down syndrome and promote the rights, inclusion and well-being of people with Down syndrome worldwide.

The United Nations declared WDSD official on Dec. 19, 2011 and has been observing it globally since 2012.

Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is a genetic condition that occurs when a person is born with a third copy of chromosome 21. It was named after Dr. John Langdon Down who first identified it in 1866.

People are typically formed with 23 pairs of chromosomes, making a total of 46. However, people with down syndrome have a total of 47 chromosomes.

WDSD falling on the 21st day of the third month was specifically chosen to symbolize Trisomy 21.

This extra genetic material affects development and can cause intellectual disabilities, distinct physical features and certain health challenges. However, it is not a disease or birth defect.

Down syndrome has long been a part of human life and is caused by a naturally occurring error in cell division when the egg and sperm meet. It is random and not caused by parents.

As any other person, all people with Down syndrome are unique. However, common effects can include intellectual disability, unique facial features, low muscle tone (hypotonia) and heart issues.

The purpose of WDSD is important year-round. It aims to raise awareness and fight misconceptions about Down syndrome, advocate for the rights and necessary resources of people with Down syndrome and more.

The theme for WDSD 2025 is “Improve Our Support Systems.” This theme calls upon governments to improve or establish the support systems that people with Down syndrome and their families need to thrive.

Advocate for people with Down syndrome everyday by becoming educated on their experiences while uplifting their voices and fighting for their rights, safety and inclusion.

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