There are many stigmas and misconceptions around bipolar disorder. Some believe it to mean a person is constantly going through mood swings of happy, sad or angry. Others see it as emotional instability.

World Bipolar Day was Mar. 30. This occasion is dedicated to reducing these harmful stigmas, raising awareness of Bipolar Disorder and advocating for support for those that live with it.  

Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

These mood swings are far more severe than just going from happy to sad. They can affect energy levels, thinking patterns, behavior and daily functioning.

There are four main types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder and other specified or unspecified related bipolar/related disorders. Bipolar I and II are the most common.

The main difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II is the severity of the manic episodes. Both Bipolar I and II involve depressive episodes and hypomania, while only the former involves mania.

Bipolar I is characterized by manic episodes that last at least seven days or require hospitalization. The mania is severe and may include psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) or risky behaviors.

The mania those with Bipolar I experience is severe and interferes greatly with daily life and well-being. Depressive episodes lasting at least two weeks often occur as well but are not required for a Bipolar I diagnosis.

Bipolar II is characterized by hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than full mania and last at least four days. Hypomania doesn’t cause major life disruptions or require hospitalization.

Hypomania can still lead to risky or extreme behavior, but not to the severity of mania. Those with Bipolar II are often misdiagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder as their symptoms of hypomania can be overlooked.

Bipolar disorder can be managed with the right treatment. Bipolar I and II are usually treated similarly through therapy, mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. Antipsychotic medication is also used to treat mania.

Manic or hypomanic episodes or being in a “neutral” state, known as euthymia can make an individual feel as though they do not need to continue medication. However they should continue to avoid side effects.

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